{
  "meta": {
    "title": "媒體交叉比對與公信度分析",
    "subtitle": "國防特別預算 1.25 兆 vs 7,800 億 · 七家來源報導比對",
    "compiled_at": "2026-05-24",
    "method": "本頁就同一事件，比對 7 家不同立場媒體之報導。對每個關鍵事實標註各家是否一致、各家偏好強調何種角度，由此建立讀者可參照之公信度光譜。"
  },
  "media_spectrum": [
    {
      "id": "ltn",
      "name": "自由時報軍武頻道",
      "lean": "親綠",
      "lean_score": -2,
      "type": "媒體",
      "url": "https://def.ltn.com.tw/",
      "key_articles_count": 5,
      "core_framing": "完整戰力結構性缺口",
      "emphasizes": ["12 項購案被刪明細", "戰力斷腳趾比喻", "本土無人機產業損失", "台美合作受阻"],
      "underplays": ["在野黨提出之程序正當性論述", "M109A7 自走砲單價爭議"],
      "signal_phrases": ["閹割版", "打 62 折", "腰斬", "缺一不可"]
    },
    {
      "id": "udn",
      "name": "聯合報",
      "lean": "親藍中性",
      "lean_score": 1,
      "type": "媒體",
      "url": "https://udn.com/",
      "key_articles_count": 8,
      "core_framing": "美方歡迎但盼補足、藍白共推",
      "emphasizes": ["美國國務院、AIT、參院議員表態", "藍白協作過程", "國民黨內版本之爭（卡位戰）", "民進黨團補足方案"],
      "underplays": ["完整戰力缺口分析", "三塊拼圖架構詳述"],
      "signal_phrases": ["藍白共推", "美方失望", "網內互打", "懦夫困局"]
    },
    {
      "id": "chinatimes",
      "name": "中國時報（中時）",
      "lean": "親藍",
      "lean_score": 2,
      "type": "媒體",
      "url": "https://www.chinatimes.com/",
      "key_articles_count": 4,
      "core_framing": "在野守住國會底線、預算監督",
      "emphasizes": ["鄭麗文（國民黨主席）共守底線聲明", "召委馬文君『支持 0』國民黨內部不同聲音", "看到發價書才審預算正當性"],
      "underplays": ["國防部戰力影響評估", "AI/C5ISR 結構性缺口"],
      "signal_phrases": ["國會底線", "守荷包", "空白授權", "看到發價書才審"]
    },
    {
      "id": "cna",
      "name": "中央社",
      "lean": "中性官方",
      "lean_score": 0,
      "type": "媒體",
      "url": "https://www.cna.com.tw/",
      "key_articles_count": 6,
      "core_framing": "條文細節與程序",
      "emphasizes": ["三讀條文逐項說明", "社福支出不得少於 115 年度", "執行考核機制", "施行至 2033/12/31"],
      "underplays": ["政治攻防情緒語言"],
      "signal_phrases": ["三讀條文明定", "經立法院同意後", "向立法院提出專案報告"],
      "credibility_note": "中央社報導以事實陳述為主，少有評論色彩，可作為時程與條文之基準參照。"
    },
    {
      "id": "pts",
      "name": "公視 PNN",
      "lean": "中性公媒",
      "lean_score": 0,
      "type": "媒體",
      "url": "https://news.pts.org.tw/",
      "key_articles_count": 3,
      "core_framing": "行政院後續因應",
      "emphasizes": ["卓榮泰三大方案（再提條例、追加預算、擴大年度）", "黃文啟司長『斷手指腳趾』比喻", "四大影響面向"],
      "underplays": ["政黨對抗細節"],
      "signal_phrases": ["四大影響", "結構問題不是比例問題", "鍥而不捨補足"],
      "credibility_note": "公視為公共媒體，立場相對中性，注重政策實質內容。"
    },
    {
      "id": "indsr",
      "name": "國防安全研究院（INDSR）",
      "lean": "學術中立",
      "lean_score": 0,
      "type": "智庫",
      "url": "https://www.indsr.org.tw/",
      "key_publications_count": 4,
      "core_framing": "嚇阻、韌性與民意分析",
      "key_researchers": [
        { "name": "揭仲", "title": "委任副研究員", "view": "1.25 兆為 8 年總額上限，與年度預算相加為錯誤計算" },
        { "name": "沈明室", "title": "研究員", "view": "條例僅設定施行期間與總額上限，可彈性調整年度編列" },
        { "name": "楊一逵", "title": "助理研究員", "view": "卡位美方軍工產能、深化台美共產，從買方轉為夥伴" }
      ],
      "key_findings": [
        "民調顯示近 6 成民眾認同『投資國防就是投資和平』",
        "2026 年總體國防支出按北約標準達 9,495 億，占 GDP 3.32%",
        "核心國防支出 8,060 億，占 GDP 2.82%",
        "較 2025 年增加 1,768 億，增幅 22.9%"
      ],
      "signal_phrases": ["體系化作戰", "重層嚇阻、多域拒止、韌性防衛", "由演轉戰"],
      "credibility_note": "INDSR 為國防部捐助成立之法人，學術評析雖有官方背景，但個別研究員觀點獨立發表並標註『不代表本院立場』。"
    },
    {
      "id": "csap",
      "name": "中華戰略前瞻協會",
      "lean": "學術",
      "lean_score": 0,
      "type": "智庫",
      "url": "https://www.csaf-tw.org/",
      "founded": "2018",
      "core_framing": "兩岸關係、政策與戰略研究",
      "credibility_note": "該協會於本次特別預算議題未發布顯著公開立場聲明。其主要研究領域為兩岸關係與區域安全戰略。"
    },
    {
      "id": "storm-黃丙喜",
      "name": "風傳媒（學者評論）",
      "lean": "評論平台",
      "lean_score": 1,
      "type": "媒體",
      "url": "https://www.storm.mg/",
      "core_framing": "憲政與財政紀律觀點",
      "representative_view": {
        "author": "黃丙喜、張其祿",
        "title": "國防採購特別預算充滿暗礁與旋渦",
        "date": "2026-01-26",
        "key_argument": "8 年跨任期空白授權有違憲政原則，類比蔡政府 8,000 億防疫特別預算之疑慮"
      },
      "credibility_note": "學者評論非新聞報導，僅為個人觀點。但提供了主流媒體較少呈現之憲政層面質疑。"
    }
  ],
  "fact_consensus": {
    "high_credibility": [
      {
        "fact": "三讀通過日期為 2026/5/8",
        "all_sources_agree": true,
        "sources": ["ltn", "udn", "chinatimes", "cna", "pts"]
      },
      {
        "fact": "三讀票數 59 贊成 vs 48 棄權",
        "all_sources_agree": true,
        "sources": ["cna", "ltn", "udn"]
      },
      {
        "fact": "預算上限 7,800 億（第一批 3,000 億 + 第二批 4,800 億）",
        "all_sources_agree": true,
        "sources": ["所有 7 家"]
      },
      {
        "fact": "排除商購 7 案 1,000 億 + 委製 5 案 2,500 億",
        "all_sources_agree": true,
        "sources": ["ltn", "udn", "chinatimes", "cna", "pts"]
      },
      {
        "fact": "條例施行至 2033/12/31，社福支出不得少於 115 年度",
        "all_sources_agree": true,
        "sources": ["cna", "udn"]
      },
      {
        "fact": "美國國務院、參院、AIT 表達歡迎但盼剩餘預算通過",
        "all_sources_agree": true,
        "sources": ["udn", "cna", "knews"]
      }
    ],
    "divergent_framing": [
      {
        "fact": "削減金額 4,700 億的『戰力影響』",
        "divergence": "ltn/pts 呈現結構性缺口（黃文啟『斷手指腳趾』）；udn/chinatimes 較少著墨戰力評估，較多政治攻防"
      },
      {
        "fact": "M109A7 自走砲單價變動（1,375 億→810 億→700 多億）",
        "divergence": "udn/chinatimes 引黃國昌質疑單價合理性；ltn 較少著墨"
      },
      {
        "fact": "在野版本是否為『閹割』",
        "divergence": "ltn/pts 引述支持方『閹割版』、『腰斬』；udn/chinatimes 中性使用『下修』、『限縮對美軍購』"
      },
      {
        "fact": "國民黨內部分歧",
        "divergence": "chinatimes 突出召委馬文君『支持 0』；udn 點出『藍色太陽卡位戰』；ltn 較少著墨在野黨內部歧見"
      }
    ],
    "fact_check_results": [
      {
        "claim": "115 年度國防預算 9,500 億 + 特別預算 1.25 兆 = 2.2 兆",
        "verdict": "錯誤",
        "verifier": "台灣事實查核中心 + 國防院揭仲",
        "explanation": "1.25 兆為 2026–2033 共 8 年總額上限，不可與單一年度相加。"
      },
      {
        "claim": "國防特別預算實際是 4.5 兆（含延壽維修）",
        "verdict": "不實",
        "verifier": "國防部 2026/1/30 新聞稿",
        "explanation": "1.25 兆為上限，新式裝備有助於汰換老舊系統、降低後勤維修費用。"
      }
    ]
  },
  "credibility_recommendations": {
    "for_facts": "中央社、公視 PNN、國防院",
    "for_government_position": "國防部官網、行政院新聞稿",
    "for_opposition_position": "中時、聯合報",
    "for_full_picture": "至少對照三家不同立場媒體，再參考國防院學術評析",
    "warning": "任何單一媒體（包括本站）皆有立場偏好，引用時建議交叉比對至少 3 個不同立場之來源。"
  }
}